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Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education
Garrison, D. Randy · Anderson, Terry · Archer, Walter

PublishedMarch 1999
JournalThe Internet and Higher Education
Volume 2, Issue 2-3, Pages 87-105
CountryCanada, North America

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to provide conceptual order and a tool for the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and computer conferencing in supporting an educational experience. Central to the study introduced here is a model of community inquiry that constitutes three elements essential to an educational transaction—cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence. Indicators (key words/phrases) for each of the three elements emerged from the analysis of computer-conferencing transcripts. The indicators described represent a template or tool for researchers to analyze written transcripts, as well as a guide to educators for the optimal use of computer conferencing as a medium to facilitate an educational transaction. This research would suggest that computer conferencing has considerable potential to create a community of inquiry for educational purposes.

Keywords computer-mediated communication · CMC · community of inquiry · practical inquiry · cognitive presence · social presence · teaching presence · conceptual framework · coding template

CoI focusFull model
PopulationGraduate
ContributionFoundational
Finding"... computer conferencing appears to have considerable potential for creating an educational community of inquiry and mediating critical reflection and discourse (i.e., critical inquiry)."
LanguageEnglish
ISSN1096-7516
RefereedYes
DOI10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
URLhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/222474115_Critical_Inquiry_in_a_Text-Based_Environment_Computer_Conferencing_in_Higher_Education
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