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Exploring communities of inquiry in Massive Open Online Courses
Kovanović, Vitomir · Joksimović, Srećko · Poquet, Oleksandra · Hennis, Thieme · Čukić, Iva · de Vries, Pieter · Hatala, Marek · Dawson, Shane · Siemens, George · Gašević. Dragan

PublishedApril 2018
JournalComputers & Education
Volume 119, Pages 44-58
CountryAustralia, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Oceania

ABSTRACT
This study presents an evaluation of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) survey instrument developed by Arbaugh et al. (2008) within the context of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). The study reports the results of a reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis of the CoI survey instrument using the data of 1487 students from five MOOC courses. The findings confirmed the reliability and validity of the CoI survey instrument for the assessment of the key dimensions of the CoI model: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence. Although the CoI survey instrument captured the same latent constructs within the MOOC context as in the Garrison's three-factor model (Garrison et al., 1999), analyses suggested a six-factor model with additional three factors as a better fit to the data. These additional factors were 1) course organization and design (a sub-component of teaching presence), 2) group affectivity (a sub-component of social presence), and 3) resolution phase of inquiry learning (a sub-component of cognitive presence). The emergence of these additional factors revealed that the discrepancies between the dynamics of the traditional online courses and MOOCs affect the student perceptions of the three CoI presences. Based on the results of our analysis, we provide an update to the famous CoI model which captures the distinctive characteristics of the CoI model within the MOOC setting. The results of the study and their implications are further discussed.

Keywords community of inquiry model · massive open online courses · online learning · exploratory factor analysis

CoI focusFull model
PopulationMOOC
Data analysisCluster analysis, Exploratory factor analysis
InstrumentCoI survey
ContributionEmpirical
Sample size1487
LanguageEnglish
RefereedYes
DOI10.1016/j.compedu.2017.11.010
ExportBibTex · EndNote · Tagged XML · Google Scholar


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The Community of Inquiry is a project of Athabasca University, Mount Royal University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and the Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, as well as researchers and members of the CoI community.