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Translating and Validating the Community of Inquiry Survey Instrument in Brazil
Parulla, Cibele Duarte · Weissheimer, Anne Marie · dos Santos, Marlise Bock · Cogo, Ana Luísa Petersen

Published1 November 2022
Type of workResearch Study
JournalInternational Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning
Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 1-13
CountryBrazil, South America

ABSTRACT
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have emerged as an affordable way to distribute knowledge and democratize education. The examination of online courses calls for theoretical models and instruments that contemplate its particularities. The community of inquiry (CoI) framework has been used in several studies to analyze the effectiveness of online education and hybrid education, including MOOCs. This study aimed to translate and validate the Community of Inquiry Survey instrument (Arbaugh et al., 2008) into Brazilian Portuguese, and used a two-stage methodological design for translating and validating a questionnaire. In the first stage, we carried out translation, back-translation, and cross-cultural adaptation. We translated the 34 items while maintaining the survey’s original format. In the expert evaluation phase, all items were considered understandable and essential for inclusion in the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CoI instrument. In the second stage, a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to validate the questionnaire, and data was collected from participants completing the Nursing Assessment MOOC available on the Lúmina platform. A total of 690 responses were gathered. The resulting instrument produced excellent results, and the three presences achieved high reliability indexes, clearly indicating their adequacy. Furthermore, this study proved the validation of the CoI instrument, maintaining the three-factor structure previously reported in the literature corresponding to the three presences: teaching, social, and cognitive presence. We recommend further studies to evaluate the need for excluding or altering cognitive presence items.

Keywords Instrument validation · community of inquiry · exploratory factor analysis · massive open online courses · instrument translation · Brazilian Portuguese

CoI focusFull model
MethodologyQuantitative
PopulationUndergraduate
Study designSurvey development
Data analysisStructural equation modelling
InstrumentCoI survey translated
ContributionMultiple contributions
Sample size690
Study aim"This study aimed to translate and validate the Community of Inquiry Survey instrument (Arbaugh et al., 2008) into Brazilian Portuguese"
Finding"The resulting instrument produced excellent results, and the three presences achieved high reliability indexes, clearly indicating their adequacy. Furthermore, this study proved the validation of the CoI instrument, maintaining the three-factor structure previously reported in the literature corresponding to the three presences: teaching, social, and cognitive presence. We recommend further studies to evaluate the need for excluding or altering cognitive presence items"
LanguageEnglish
ISSN1492-3831
RefereedYes
RightsCC BY
DOI10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6304
URLhttps://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/6304/5785
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The Community of Inquiry is a project of Athabasca University, Mount Royal University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and the Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, as well as researchers and members of the CoI community.